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Spatial Organization of Tourism and Hospitality

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026)

MODELS OF SPATIAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE TYPOLOGY OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEXES OF THE RUSSIAN REGIONS

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22412/2414-9063-2026-20-2-214-225
Submitted
June 2, 2026
Published
May 13, 2026

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate differentiated models of spatial tourism development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the typology of tourist and recreational complexes (TRC). The research is based on a comprehensive methodology that includes the formation of three assessment blocks («Potential», «Performance», «Contribution to development») with 32 indicators. Data processing involved min-max normalization, calculation of integral indices using weighted summation, cluster analysis (k-means) with justification of the number of clusters by the elbow method, as well as discriminant analysis to verify the stability of the typology. Spatial modeling was performed using GIS technologies (QGIS). Based on the analysis of data for 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, three stable types of regions are identified: «Center» (8 leading regions with a highly developed tourist system), «Semi-periphery» (39 regions with average potential and fragmented development), and «Periphery» (38 regions with a low degree of tourist and recreational potential development and weak infrastructure). For each type, corresponding models of spatial tourism organization are proposed: polycentric decentralization (for leading regions), cluster development (for the «Semi-periphery»), and point concentration (for the «Periphery»). The proposed models make it possible to move from fragmented regulation to an integrated system of territorial tourism management that takes into account resource potential, infrastructure constraints, and the socio-­economic contribution of the industry. Spatial modeling acts as a key tool for transforming strategic goals into specific regional development projects.

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